pool_shark is correct, if you type su and get permission denied, you are not rooted any more.
I know pool_shark does not like to use the computer, but in this case, if this happened to me, I would plug the phone into the computer go into PC Mode:
adb devices
ya see your phone then
adb shell
if you get $ prompt you are not rooted.
But try: (you can do stuff on computer that you can not in the emulator)
cd /system/bin
ls -l su
if you get the permissions and file size, then the file must have been corrupted. Then
rm su
rm busybox
cd /system/app
rm superuser.apk
and you will be unrooted. Turn your phone off and then back on.
if you type ls -l su and get a "file not found" then type ls -l busybox. if it is there, type rm busybox and then cd /system/app, rm superuser.apk. Turn you phone off then back on.
Then I would be scratching my head wondering how I got unrooted and not know it which would cause me to use my bootstrapper to restore my phone or flash the sbf to make sure I fixed it.