If you have a USB cable that connects to your phone, you can upload the data as a flash drive, which should be seen as another drive letter in the 'computer' menu, and that drive should be able to be accessed directly.
If you store your information on the SD card, you can retrieve it the same way, and save it in file folders on your desktop, or wherever you choose.
If your phone is rooted, I highly suggest you get Titanium Backup!
You set the files/data/apps that are important, configure the date and time you want backup to run, and how often, and it is done for you, it also features recovery boot, so in the even your phone has issues, the process still works, and you will have saved the important information. I have mine set to twice weekly.
If you have Verizon,you can also have the backup service which runs automatically when you sync your phone with your computer, it's called 'backup assistant'..
Second, power down the phone, remove the battery, covers and set your OVEN to WARM, or about 170 degrees. Place the disabled phone on a cookie sheet, and place that into the oven and leave it there for no more than ONE HOUR, as soon as the oven reaches the WARMING temp, SHUT OFF the oven, but leave the phone in. The temp will start lowering, and nothing will be damaged by this small amount of heat, in fact, if you live in Phoenix, the inside of your car gets this hot all the time. Once the time has passed, remove the phone, and let it cool for at least the same amount of time, to ensure the screen and phone circuits have had a chance to 'acclimate' to normal room temperature. Replace the battery/covers and power up the phone, you may get your screen back, and can take care of the backup process the way it was intended.
You have nothing to lose, but a working phone to gain by using this method. I guarantee you can NOT damage your phone, I've been doing this for over 20 years now, and have suffered ZERO casualties.
Good luck!
Contact me if you wish, either by PM or Email, and I will be happy to give you any assistance you request, I am here for the members as I am one as well, paying it forward as it were.
73!