Do you think it's best to only charge the phone when it's off?
When charging when off you are assured of 100%, if you leave it on, it will stop at 100% and stay there. When charging and you turn your phone on to check charging status it will stop charging at any point above 95% (above 95% your stock meter will say 100%, likewise between 85%-95% your meter will read 90%) that being said if you checked charging status at 96% (meter reading 100%) and used it very briefly it could drop to 94% (meter reading 90%).
If it's not HD it might as well be a newspaper.
Like lloydstrans said, charging with power off is the ONLY way to assure a true 100% charge (that is...100% of what the battery will hold in its specific stage of life expectancy). However, charging with power off EVERY time will actually diminish the lifespan of the battery, and so isn't recommended. I know that sounds counter intuitive, but with Lithium Ion batteries, and in particular Lithium Ion Polymer Pouch Cells (our batteries - LIPO Pouch), charging to the maximum capacity is somewhat stressful to the battery's chemistry and it accelerates its aging process, shortening its lifespan by reducing the amount of charge it will hold the next time. Each time you charge, you are actually shaving off a tiny bit of the battery's total capacity, kind of like shortening the height of a glass a little bit each time you fill it. Likewise, discharging the battery to near empty (0%), does the same thing.
You can actually get the maximum lifespan (number of months/years it lasts), by only charging to about 80% or less, and only discharging to 20% or more. This of course, means you would only have at maximum about 60% of the total capacity available to you each time you take it off charge, but your battery could last as much as 50% to 80% more or longer (instead of 1.5 years, potentially 2.25 to 2.7 years or longer). Given the expected "end of life" of a battery is when it will no longer hold more than 80% of it's original capacity, that means the battery will serve most of us for well beyond the phone's targeted life.
Now, for the true "power-users", those who want the maximum battery life between charges, and those who really don't care if the battery lasts beyond 1.5 years, since they're likely going to have the phone replaced with the newer and better model by then, I say..."charge away!"
To clarify what lloydstrans said above, I had believed (though never did real-world testing - so I am not disagreeing), that the phone will actually start applying a charge at any point up to when it reaches 100%, but not once it reaches 100%, until it again reaches 90%. In other words, if you charge to 100% (meter reads 100%), then use it for 9% (showing 91% with a 1% battery level meter - though still reading 100% on its own meter), then plug into the charger, the phone will NOT start charging since it still think's it is at 100%. However once it touches 90%, then the charging circuitry is activated and it will continue to charge to 100% if not interrupted. This is the way it works in the background if left on the charger for an extended period of time - days.
If you interrupt the charging when it's anywhere between 91% and 100%, and then try to resume charging, it will continue to do so until it reaches 100% since it hadn't yet "hit" 100%. I have not seen any case where the 5% marks (95%, 85%, 75%, etc...all the way to 20%) have any significance in these phones, since the metering system is configured to work on 10% increments until it reaches 20%, at which point it goes to 5% increments (15%, 10%, 5%), then from 5% it uses 1% increments to 0%.
The reason for not "pumping" the battery (force-charging), when it's between 90% and 100% is the same as the reason why you probably don't want to charge to 100% with power off that often...shortening of the battery's lifespan. The battery is at its greatest stress levels in the top 10% of its charge cycle. This is also the point in the charge cycle where the battery takes the longest to fill, and the point in the charge state where it loses power quickest once removed from charge - even while not powered on. The battery is at its least stress levels when at between 40% and 50% charge of capacity, and also loses power the slowest while in a resting state. This is why it's HIGHLY recommended to charge a LIPO battery to 40% to 50% before placing it into storage...and this is how the batteries come charged from the factory. This is also why it's HIGHLY recommended to FULLY CHARGE the batteries in new phones to 100% initially with POWER OFF, BEFORE you EVER power it on.
Those of you who know me, know I am passionate about the right and wrong ways to care for your batteries. This was never a big thing with the "dumb" phones, since they would run for sometimes a week or more with one charge. Not any longer...smart phones use so much power even while in a power-on standby state, that getting a full day's run from many of them is a challenge at best, and an effort in futility at worst. Some phones are better at that than others, either due to large batteries (i.e. Droid RAZR MAXX and MAXX HD), or smaller, less-power-sucking screens and more efficient components, or some combination of the two.
Getting the "maxx" (pardon the pun), out of your phone's battery has become a true art form, often very creative unique combinations of;
- careful use,
- reduced screen brightness,
- removing of life wallpapers,
- changing themes to "dark" themes,
- shorter screen timeouts,
- reduced or eliminated background syncs,
- reduced or eliminated widgets,
- minimizing "multi-tasking" apps in the background,
- powering off of various radios when not in use (WIFI, Bluetooth, 4G, 3G, GPS, etc.),
- shutting off the vibrator,
- greater use of WIFI whenever possible,
- setting syncs to either on-demand or automatic when using the specific app,
- Smart Actions (or other similar task management tools and techniques),
- Rooting and then underclocking,
- Deactivating or, dare I say...removing of bloat,
- and I'm sure dozens if not more other ways I've either overlooked or simply failed to mention.
So if there's anything I can do to help with the simple hardware, that will relieve some of the pressure to "manage" power consumption as mentioned above, I'm all for it. We're all in this together, so let's keep learning from each other.