My company has been dealing with this crap for a few months now. Our research indicated that the brand of browser did not matter when encountering infected sites, although keeping whatever you browse with up to date is a good idea. I would also recommend keeping your Adobe Flash up to date as possible, as we suspect that some of these infections are being spread through paid Flash ad networks.
We use Malwarebytes to both detect and remove these infections. Sometimes it is not always possible to remove the infection and reformatting the computer is necessary. We haven't tried it, but the paid version of Malware Bytes supposedly has real-time protection. As of a few weeks ago, Symantec and Trend Micro stated they were not protecting against this type of infection.
So yeah, if you see something like this pop up, don't click anything - don't click cancel, don't click the X, don't click ANYTHING. Either CTRL-ALT-Delete to the Task Manager and kill the browser or hold the power button down on your computer. This stuff can be nasty.